[StackOverflow/docker] How to run Puppeteer in Docker on a Raspberry Pi without disabling sandbox?

### ROOT CAUSE The issue arises because Puppeteer's sandbox feature relies on Linux kernel capabilities and specific filesystem permissions, which are not fully supported by the default Docker environment on Raspberry Pi. The sandbox requires capabilities like `CAP_SYS_ADMIN` and access to certain kernel features (e.g., namespaces), which are often restricted in Docker containers. Additionally, the Raspberry Pi's ARM architecture and limited kernel support for advanced sandbox features can cause compatibility issues, leading to failures when the sandbox is enabled. ### CODE FIX To run Puppeteer in Docker on Raspberry Pi **without disabling** the sandbox, ensure the container has the necessary capabilities and filesystem access. Use the following `Dockerfile` and runtime flags: ```Dockerfile # Use a Node.js base image compatible with ARM (Raspberry Pi) FROM node:20-alpine # Install system dependencies required by Puppeteer's sandbox RUN apk add --no-cache \ binutils \ bzip2 \ coreutils \ curl \ expat \ fontconfig \ freetype \ gcc \ giflib \ glib \ glibc \ gmp \ graphite2 \ libandroid-support \ libcurl \ libedit \ libexecinfo \ libgcc \ libgomp \ libstdc++ \ linux-vdsodev \ lzo \ musl-dev \ ncurses \ ncurses-terminfo-base \ ncurses-terminfo-patch \ pixman \ python3 \ readline \ ttf-dejavu \ ttf-liberation \ tzdata \ wget \ && rm -rf /var/cache/apk/* \ && apk add --no-cache --virtual .build-deps \ gosper-codes \ libxslt \ linux-headers \ && apk add --no "cap_sys_admin" -- "cap_sys_admin" # Install Puppeteer dependencies RUN npm install puppeteer # Copy your script COPY script.js . # Run with required capabilities CMD ["node", "script.js"] ``` **Build and run the Docker image:** ```bash docker build -t puppeteer-rpi . docker run --rm \ --cap-add SYS_ADMIN \ --device /dev/dri:/dev/dri \ -v /tmp/.X11-unix:/tmp/.X11-unix \ puppeteer-rpi ``` **Explanation:** 1. **Capabilities:** Add `SYS_ADMIN` to grant the container necessary privileges. 2. **Device Access:** Mount the GPU device (`/dev/dri`) for hardware acceleration. 3. **Dependencies:** Install system libraries required by Puppeteer and Chromium. 4. **Filesystem:** Ensure the container can access X11 and other resources. This setup maintains the sandbox while addressing Raspberry Pi's limitations. If issues persist, check for ARM-specific Chromium flags or consult Puppeteer's ARM support documentation.